6ES7318-3EL01-0AB0 là bộ điều khiển logic khả trình (PLC) do hãng SIEMENS phát triển & sản xuất với thương hiệu SIMATIC thuộc dòng PLC S7-300. 6ES7318-3EL01-0AB0 được MESIDAS GROUP phát triển và phân phối rộng rãi trên thị trường Việt Nam. Nếu quý khách hàng đang có nhu cầu cần tư vấn hay mua 6ES7318-3EL01-0AB0 thì hãy liên hệ MESIDAS GROUP để được hỗ trợ một cách tận tâm, nhanh chóng và hiệu quả nhé.

Bảng tóm tắt thông số kỹ thuật 6ES7318-3EL01-0AB0
SIMATIC S7-300 CPU 319-3 PN/DP, Central processing unit with 2 MB work memory, 1st interface MPI/DP 12 Mbit/s, 2nd interface DP master/slave 3rd interface Ethernet PROFINET, with 2-port switch, Micro Memory Card required
| Mã sản phẩm | 6ES7318-3EL01-0AB0 |
| Dòng sản phẩm | SIMATIC S7-300, CPU 319-3 PN/DP |
| Hãng sản xuất | SIEMENS |
| Dung lượng bộ nhớ | 2 MB |
| Nguồn cung cấp | 24 V DC (19.2-28.8V DC) |
| Kích thước (RxCxS) | 120x125x130 mm |
| Trọng lượng | 1 250 g |
Phụ kiện (tùy chọn) cho 6ES7318-3EL01-0AB0
- 6ES7953-8LF31-0AA0: SIMATIC S7, Micro Memory Card cho S7-300/C7/ET 200, 3, 3V Nflash, 64 KB
- 6ES7953-8LG31-0AA0: SIMATIC S7, Micro Memory Card cho S7-300/C7/ET 200, 3, 3V Nflash, 128 KB
- 6ES7953-8LJ31-0AA0: SIMATIC S7, Micro Memory Card cho S7-300/C7/ET 200, 3, 3V Nflash, 512 KB
- 6ES7953-8LL31-0AA0: SIMATIC S7, Micro Memory Card cho S7-300/C7/ET 200, 3, 3V Nflash, 2 MB
- 6ES7953-8LP31-0AA0: SIMATIC S7, Micro Memory Card cho S7-300/C7/ET 200, 3, 3V Nflash, 8 MB
Bảng chi tiết thông số kỹ thuật 6ES7318-3EL01-0AB0
| Article number | 6ES7318-3EL01-0AB0 |
| CPU319-3 PN/DP, 2 MB | |
| General information | |
| Product function | |
| Isochronous mode | Yes; Via 2nd PROFIBUS DP or PROFINET interface |
| Engineering with | |
| Programming package | STEP 7 V5.5 or higher |
| Supply voltage | |
| Rated value (DC) | 24 V |
| permissible range, lower limit (DC) | 19.2 V |
| permissible range, upper limit (DC) | 28.8 V |
| external protection for power supply lines (recommendation) | 2 A min. |
| Mains buffering | |
| Mains/voltage failure stored energy time | 5 ms |
| Repeat rate, min. | 1 s |
| Input current | |
| Current consumption (rated value) | 1 250 mA |
| Current consumption (in no-load operation), typ. | 500 mA |
| Inrush current, typ. | 4 A |
| I²t | 1.2 A²·s |
| Power loss | |
| Power loss, typ. | 14 W |
| Memory | |
| Work memory | |
| integrated | 2 048 kbyte |
| expandable | No |
| Load memory | |
| Plug-in (MMC) | Yes |
| Plug-in (MMC), max. | 8 Mbyte |
| Data management on MMC (after last programming), min. | 10 y |
| Backup | |
| present | Yes |
| without battery | Yes |
| CPU processing times | |
| for bit operations, typ. | 0.004 µs |
| for word operations, typ. | 0.01 µs |
| for fixed point arithmetic, typ. | 0.01 µs |
| for floating point arithmetic, typ. | 0.04 µs |
| CPU-blocks | |
| Number of blocks (total) | 4 096; (DBs, FCs, FBs); the maximum number of loadable blocks can be reduced by the MMC used. |
| DB | |
| Number, max. | 4 096; Number range: 1 to 16000 |
| Size, max. | 64 kbyte |
| FB | |
| Number, max. | 4 096; Number range: 0 to 7999 |
| Size, max. | 64 kbyte |
| FC | |
| Number, max. | 4 096; Number range: 0 to 7999 |
| Size, max. | 64 kbyte |
| OB | |
| Size, max. | 64 kbyte |
| Number of free cycle OBs | 1; OB 1 |
| Number of time alarm OBs | 1; OB 10 |
| Number of delay alarm OBs | 2; OB 20, 21 |
| Number of cyclic interrupt OBs | 4; OB 32, 33, 34, 35 (OB 35: smallest settable clock pulse = 500 µs) |
| Number of process alarm OBs | 1; OB 40 |
| Number of DPV1 alarm OBs | 3; OB 55, 56, 57 |
| Number of isochronous mode OBs | 1; OB 61 |
| Number of startup OBs | 1; OB 100 |
| Number of asynchronous error OBs | 6; OB 80, 82, 83, 85, 86, 87 (OB83 only for PROFINET IO) |
| Number of synchronous error OBs | 2; OB 121, 122 |
| Nesting depth | |
| per priority class | 16 |
| additional within an error OB | 4 |
| Counters, timers and their retentivity | |
| S7 counter | |
| Number | 2 048 |
| Retentivity | |
| — adjustable | Yes |
| — lower limit | 0 |
| — upper limit | 2 047 |
| — preset | Z 0 to Z 7 |
| Counting range | |
| — adjustable | Yes |
| — lower limit | 0 |
| — upper limit | 999 |
| IEC counter | |
| present | Yes |
| Type | SFB |
| Number | Unlimited (limited only by RAM capacity) |
| S7 times | |
| Number | 2 048 |
| Retentivity | |
| — adjustable | Yes |
| — lower limit | 0 |
| — upper limit | 2 047 |
| — preset | No retentivity |
| Time range | |
| — lower limit | 10 ms |
| — upper limit | 9 990 s |
| IEC timer | |
| present | Yes |
| Type | SFB |
| Number | Unlimited (limited only by RAM capacity) |
| Data areas and their retentivity | |
| Flag | |
| Size, max. | 8 192 byte |
| Retentivity available | Yes; From MB 0 to MB 8 191 |
| Retentivity preset | MB 0 to MB 15 |
| Number of clock memories | 8; 1 memory byte |
| Data blocks | |
| Retentivity adjustable | Yes; via non-retain property on DB |
| Retentivity preset | Yes |
| Local data | |
| per priority class, max. | 32 768 byte; Max. 2048 bytes per block |
| Address area | |
| I/O address area | |
| Inputs | 8 192 byte |
| Outputs | 8 192 byte |
| of which distributed | |
| — Inputs | 8 192 byte |
| — Outputs | 8 192 byte |
| Process image | |
| Inputs | 8 192 byte |
| Outputs | 8 192 byte |
| Inputs, adjustable | 8 192 byte |
| Outputs, adjustable | 8 192 byte |
| Inputs, default | 256 byte |
| Outputs, default | 256 byte |
| Subprocess images | |
| Number of subprocess images, max. | 1; With PROFINET IO, the length of the user data is limited to 1600 bytes |
| Digital channels | |
| Inputs | 65 536 |
| — of which central | 1 024 |
| Outputs | 65 536 |
| — of which central | 1 024 |
| Analog channels | |
| Inputs | 4 096 |
| — of which central | 256 |
| Outputs | 4 096 |
| — of which central | 256 |
| Hardware configuration | |
| Number of DP masters | |
| integrated | 2 |
| via CP | 4 |
| Number of operable FMs and CPs (recommended) | |
| FM | 8 |
| CP, PtP | 8 |
| CP, LAN | 10 |
| Rack | |
| Racks, max. | 4 |
| Modules per rack, max. | 8 |
| Time of day | |
| Clock | |
| Hardware clock (real-time) | Yes |
| retentive and synchronizable | Yes |
| Backup time | 6 wk; At 40 °C ambient temperature |
| Deviation per day, max. | 10 s; Typ.: 2 s |
| Behavior of the clock following POWER-ON | Clock continues running after POWER OFF |
| Behavior of the clock following expiry of backup period | Clock continues to run with the time at which the power failure occurred |
| Operating hours counter | |
| Number | 4 |
| Number/Number range | 0 to 3 |
| Range of values | 0 to 2^31 hours (when using SFC 101) |
| Granularity | 1 h |
| retentive | Yes; Must be restarted at each restart |
| Clock synchronization | |
| supported | Yes |
| to MPI, master | Yes |
| to MPI, slave | Yes |
| to DP, master | Yes; With DP slave only slave clock |
| to DP, slave | Yes |
| in AS, master | Yes |
| in AS, slave | Yes |
| on Ethernet via NTP | Yes; As client |
| Digital inputs | |
| Number of digital inputs | 0 |
| Digital outputs | |
| Number of digital outputs | 0 |
| Analog inputs | |
| Number of analog inputs | 0 |
| Analog outputs | |
| Number of analog outputs | 0 |
| Interfaces | |
| Number of industrial Ethernet interfaces | 1; 2 ports (switch) RJ45 |
| Number of PROFINET interfaces | 1; 2 ports (switch) RJ45 |
| Number of RS 485 interfaces | 2; Combined MPI / PROFIBUS DP and PROFIBUS DP |
| Number of RS 422 interfaces | 0 |
| 1. Interface | |
| Interface type | Integrated RS 485 interface |
| Isolated | Yes |
| Interface types | |
| RS 485 | Yes |
| Output current of the interface, max. | 150 mA |
| Protocols | |
| MPI | Yes |
| PROFIBUS DP master | Yes |
| PROFIBUS DP slave | Yes; A DP slave at both interfaces simultaneously is not possible |
| Point-to-point connection | No |
| MPI | |
| Transmission rate, max. | 12 Mbit/s |
| Services | |
| — PG/OP communication | Yes |
| — Routing | Yes |
| — Global data communication | Yes |
| — S7 basic communication | Yes |
| — S7 communication | Yes |
| — S7 communication, as client | No; but via CP and loadable FB |
| — S7 communication, as server | Yes |
| PROFIBUS DP master | |
| Transmission rate, max. | 12 Mbit/s |
| Number of DP slaves, max. | 124 |
| Services | |
| — PG/OP communication | Yes |
| — Routing | Yes |
| — Global data communication | No |
| — S7 basic communication | Yes; I blocks only |
| — S7 communication | Yes |
| — S7 communication, as client | No |
| — S7 communication, as server | Yes |
| — Equidistance | Yes |
| — Isochronous mode | No |
| — SYNC/FREEZE | Yes |
| — Activation/deactivation of DP slaves | Yes |
| — Number of DP slaves that can be simultaneously activated/deactivated, max. | 8 |
| — Direct data exchange (slave-to-slave communication) | Yes; as subscriber |
| — DPV1 | Yes |
| Address area | |
| — Inputs, max. | 8 kbyte |
| — Outputs, max. | 8 kbyte |
| User data per DP slave | |
| — Inputs, max. | 244 byte |
| — Outputs, max. | 244 byte |
| PROFIBUS DP slave | |
| Transmission rate, max. | 12 Mbit/s |
| automatic baud rate search | Yes; only with passive interface |
| Address area, max. | 32 |
| User data per address area, max. | 32 byte |
| Services | |
| — PG/OP communication | Yes |
| — Routing | Yes; with interface active |
| — Global data communication | No |
| — S7 basic communication | No |
| — S7 communication | Yes |
| — S7 communication, as client | No |
| — S7 communication, as server | Yes; Connection configured on one side only |
| — Direct data exchange (slave-to-slave communication) | Yes |
| — DPV1 | No |
| Transfer memory | |
| — Inputs | 244 byte |
| — Outputs | 244 byte |
| 2. Interface | |
| Interface type | Integrated RS 485 interface |
| Isolated | Yes |
| Interface types | |
| RS 485 | Yes |
| Output current of the interface, max. | 200 mA |
| Protocols | |
| MPI | No |
| PROFINET IO Controller | No |
| PROFINET IO Device | No |
| PROFINET CBA | No |
| PROFIBUS DP master | Yes |
| PROFIBUS DP slave | Yes; A DP slave at both interfaces simultaneously is not possible |
| Open IE communication | No |
| Web server | No |
| PROFIBUS DP master | |
| Transmission rate, max. | 12 Mbit/s |
| Number of DP slaves, max. | 124 |
| Services | |
| — PG/OP communication | Yes |
| — Routing | Yes |
| — Global data communication | No |
| — S7 basic communication | Yes; I blocks only |
| — S7 communication | Yes |
| — S7 communication, as client | No |
| — S7 communication, as server | Yes; Connection configured on one side only |
| — Equidistance | Yes |
| — Isochronous mode | Yes; OB 61 – isochronous mode is possible either on DP or PROFINET IO (not simultaneously) |
| — SYNC/FREEZE | Yes |
| — Activation/deactivation of DP slaves | Yes |
| — Number of DP slaves that can be simultaneously activated/deactivated, max. | 8 |
| — Direct data exchange (slave-to-slave communication) | Yes; as subscriber |
| — DPV1 | Yes |
| Address area | |
| — Inputs, max. | 8 kbyte |
| — Outputs, max. | 8 kbyte |
| User data per DP slave | |
| — Inputs, max. | 244 byte |
| — Outputs, max. | 244 byte |
| PROFIBUS DP slave | |
| GSD file | The latest GSD file is available at: http://www.siemens.com/profibus-gsd |
| Transmission rate, max. | 12 Mbit/s |
| automatic baud rate search | Yes; only with passive interface |
| Address area, max. | 32 |
| User data per address area, max. | 32 byte |
| Services | |
| — PG/OP communication | Yes |
| — Routing | Yes; with interface active |
| — Global data communication | No |
| — S7 basic communication | No |
| — S7 communication | Yes |
| — S7 communication, as client | No |
| — S7 communication, as server | Yes; Connection configured on one side only |
| — Direct data exchange (slave-to-slave communication) | Yes |
| — DPV1 | No |
| Transfer memory | |
| — Inputs | 244 byte |
| — Outputs | 244 byte |
| 3. Interface | |
| Isolated | Yes |
| automatic detection of transmission rate | Yes; 10/100 Mbit/s |
| Autonegotiation | Yes |
| Autocrossing | Yes |
| Change of IP address at runtime, supported | Yes |
| Interface types | |
| RJ 45 (Ethernet) | Yes |
| Number of ports | 2 |
| integrated switch | Yes |
| Protocols | |
| MPI | No |
| PROFINET IO Controller | Yes; Also simultaneously with I-Device functionality |
| PROFINET IO Device | Yes; Also simultaneously with IO Controller functionality |
| PROFINET CBA | Yes |
| PROFIBUS DP master | No |
| PROFIBUS DP slave | No |
| Open IE communication | Yes; Via TCP/IP, ISO on TCP, and UDP |
| Web server | Yes |
| Media redundancy | Yes |
| PROFINET IO Controller | |
| Transmission rate, max. | 100 Mbit/s |
| Services | |
| — PG/OP communication | Yes |
| — Routing | Yes |
| — S7 communication | Yes; with loadable FBs, max. configurable connections: 16, max. number of instances: 32 |
| — Isochronous mode | Yes; OB 61 – isochronous mode is possible either on DP or PROFINET IO (not simultaneously) |
| — Shared device | Yes |
| — Prioritized startup | Yes |
| — Number of IO devices with prioritized startup, max. | 32 |
| — Number of connectable IO Devices, max. | 256 |
| — Of which IO devices with IRT, max. | 64 |
| — of which in line, max. | 64 |
| — Number of IO Devices with IRT and the option “high flexibility” | 256 |
| — of which in line, max. | 61 |
| — Number of connectable IO Devices for RT, max. | 256 |
| — of which in line, max. | 256 |
| — Activation/deactivation of IO Devices | Yes |
| — Number of IO Devices that can be simultaneously activated/deactivated, max. | 8 |
| — IO Devices changing during operation (partner ports), supported | Yes |
| — Number of IO Devices per tool, max. | 8 |
| — Device replacement without swap medium | Yes |
| — Send cycles | 250 μs, 500 μs,1 ms; 2 ms, 4 ms (not in the case of IRT with “high flexibility” option) |
| — Updating time | 250 µs to 512 ms (depending on the operating mode, see Manual “S7-300 CPU 31xC and CPU 31x, technical Data” for more details) |
| Address area | |
| — Inputs, max. | 8 kbyte |
| — Outputs, max. | 8 kbyte |
| — User data consistency, max. | 1 024 byte |
| PROFINET IO Device | |
| Services | |
| — PG/OP communication | Yes |
| — Routing | Yes |
| — S7 communication | Yes; with loadable FBs, max. configurable connections: 16, max. number of instances: 32 |
| — Isochronous mode | No |
| — IRT | Yes |
| — PROFIenergy | Yes; With SFB 73 / 74 prepared for loadable PROFIenergy standard FB for I-Device |
| — Shared device | Yes |
| — Number of IO Controllers with shared device, max. | 2 |
| Transfer memory | |
| — Inputs, max. | 1 440 byte; Per IO Controller with shared device |
| — Outputs, max. | 1 440 byte; Per IO Controller with shared device |
| Submodules | |
| — Number, max. | 64 |
| — User data per submodule, max. | 1 024 byte |
| PROFINET CBA | |
| acyclic transmission | Yes |
| cyclic transmission | Yes |
| Open IE communication | |
| Number of connections, max. | 32 |
| Local port numbers used at the system end | 0, 20, 21, 23, 25, 80, 102, 135, 161, 443, 8080, 34962, 34963, 34964, 65532, 65533, 65534, 65535 |
| Keep-alive function, supported | Yes |
| Protocols | |
| Redundancy mode | |
| Media redundancy | |
| — Switchover time on line break, typ. | 200 ms; PROFINET MRP |
| — Number of stations in the ring, max. | 50 |
| Open IE communication | |
| TCP/IP | Yes; via integrated PROFINET interface and loadable FBs |
| — Number of connections, max. | 32 |
| — Data length for connection type 01H, max. | 1 460 byte |
| — Data length for connection type 11H, max. | 32 768 byte |
| — several passive connections per port, supported | Yes |
| ISO-on-TCP (RFC1006) | Yes; via integrated PROFINET interface and loadable FBs |
| — Number of connections, max. | 32 |
| — Data length, max. | 32 768 byte |
| UDP | Yes; via integrated PROFINET interface and loadable FBs |
| — Number of connections, max. | 32 |
| — Data length, max. | 1 472 byte |
| Web server | |
| supported | Yes |
| User-defined websites | Yes |
| Number of HTTP clients | 5 |
| Communication functions | |
| PG/OP communication | Yes |
| Data record routing | Yes |
| Global data communication | |
| supported | Yes |
| Number of GD loops, max. | 8 |
| Number of GD packets, max. | 8 |
| Number of GD packets, transmitter, max. | 8 |
| Number of GD packets, receiver, max. | 8 |
| Size of GD packets, max. | 22 byte |
| Size of GD packet (of which consistent), max. | 22 byte |
| S7 basic communication | |
| supported | Yes |
| User data per job, max. | 76 byte |
| User data per job (of which consistent), max. | 76 byte; 76 bytes (with X_SEND or X_RCV); 64 bytes (with X_PUT or X_GET as server) |
| S7 communication | |
| supported | Yes |
| as server | Yes |
| as client | Yes; via integrated PROFINET interface and loadable FB or via CP and loadable FB |
| User data per job, max. | See online help of STEP 7 (shared parameters of the SFBs/FBs and of the SFCs/FCs of S7 Communication) |
| S5 compatible communication | |
| supported | Yes; via CP and loadable FC |
| PROFINET CBA (at set setpoint communication load) | |
| Setpoint for the CPU communication load | 20 % |
| Number of remote interconnection partners | 32 |
| Number of functions, master/slave | 50 |
| Total of all master/slave connections | 3 000 |
| Data length of all incoming connections master/slave, max. | 24 000 byte |
| Data length of all outgoing connections master/slave, max. | 24 000 byte |
| Number of device-internal and PROFIBUS interconnections | 1 000 |
| Data length of device-internal und PROFIBUS interconnections, max. | 8 000 byte |
| Data length per connection, max. | 1 400 byte |
| Remote interconnections with acyclic transmission | |
| — Sampling interval, min. | 200 ms |
| — Number of incoming interconnections | 100 |
| — Number of outgoing interconnections | 100 |
| — Data length of all incoming interconnections, max. | 3 200 byte |
| — Data length of all outgoing interconnections, max. | 3 200 byte |
| — Data length per connection, max. | 1 400 byte |
| Remote interconnections with cyclic transmission | |
| — Transmission frequency: Transmission interval, min. | 1 ms |
| — Number of incoming interconnections | 300 |
| — Number of outgoing interconnections | 300 |
| — Data length of all incoming interconnections, max. | 4 800 byte |
| — Data length of all outgoing interconnections, max. | 4 800 byte |
| — Data length per connection, max. | 450 byte |
| HMI variables via PROFINET (acyclic) | |
| — Number of stations that can log on for HMI variables (PN OPC/iMap) | 3; 2x PN OPC/1x iMap |
| — HMI variable updating | 500 ms |
| — Number of HMI variables | 600 |
| — Data length of all HMI variables, max. | 9 600 byte |
| PROFIBUS proxy functionality | |
| — supported | Yes |
| — Number of linked PROFIBUS devices | 32 |
| — Data length per connection, max. | 240 byte; Slave-dependent |
| Number of connections | |
| overall | 32 |
| usable for PG communication | 31 |
| — reserved for PG communication | 1 |
| — adjustable for PG communication, min. | 1 |
| — adjustable for PG communication, max. | 31 |
| usable for OP communication | 31 |
| — reserved for OP communication | 1 |
| — adjustable for OP communication, min. | 1 |
| — adjustable for OP communication, max. | 31 |
| usable for S7 basic communication | 30 |
| — reserved for S7 basic communication | 0 |
| — adjustable for S7 basic communication, min. | 0 |
| — adjustable for S7 basic communication, max. | 30 |
| usable for S7 communication | 16 |
| — reserved for S7 communication | 0 |
| — adjustable for S7 communication, min. | 0 |
| — adjustable for S7 communication, max. | 16 |
| total number of instances, max. | 32 |
| usable for routing | X1 as MPI: max. 10; X1 as DP master: max. 24; X1 as DP slave (active): max. 14; X2 as DP master: max. 24; X2 as DP slave (active): max. 14; X3 as PROFINET: 48 max. |
| S7 message functions | |
| Number of login stations for message functions, max. | 32; Depending on the configured connections for PG/OP and S7 basic communication |
| Process diagnostic messages | Yes |
| simultaneously active Alarm-S blocks, max. | 300 |
| Test commissioning functions | |
| Status block | Yes; Up to 2 simultaneously |
| Single step | Yes |
| Number of breakpoints | 4 |
| Status/control | |
| Status/control variable | Yes |
| Variables | Inputs, outputs, memory bits, DB, times, counters |
| Number of variables, max. | 30 |
| — of which status variables, max. | 30 |
| — of which control variables, max. | 14 |
| Forcing | |
| Forcing | Yes |
| Forcing, variables | Inputs, outputs |
| Number of variables, max. | 10 |
| Diagnostic buffer | |
| present | Yes |
| Number of entries, max. | 500 |
| — adjustable | No |
| — of which powerfail-proof | 100 |
| Number of entries readable in RUN, max. | 499 |
| — adjustable | Yes; From 10 to 499 |
| — preset | 10 |
| Service data | |
| can be read out | Yes |
| Ambient conditions | |
| Ambient temperature during operation | |
| min. | 0 °C |
| max. | 60 °C |
| Configuration | |
| Configuration software | |
| STEP 7 | Yes; V5.5 or higher |
| Programming | |
| Command set | see instruction list |
| Nesting levels | 8 |
| System functions (SFC) | see instruction list |
| System function blocks (SFB) | see instruction list |
| Programming language | https://mesidas.com/ngon-ngu-lap-trinh-plc/ |
| — LAD (https://mesidas.com/ladder/) | Yes |
| — FBD | Yes |
| — STL (https://mesidas.com/st-structured-text/) | Yes |
| — SCL | Yes |
| — CFC | Yes |
| — GRAPH | Yes |
| — HiGraph® | Yes |
| Know-how protection | |
| User program protection/password protection | Yes |
| Block encryption | Yes; With S7 block Privacy |
| Dimensions | |
| Width | 120 mm |
| Height | 125 mm |
| Depth | 130 mm |
| Weights | |
| Weight, approx. | 1 250 g |
Phân phối và báo giá 6ES7318-3EL01-0AB0
Nếu quý khách hàng đang có nhu cầu cần tư vấn hay mua 6ES7318-3EL01-0AB0 thì hãy liên hệ MESIDAS GROUP để được hỗ trợ một cách tận tâm, nhanh chóng và hiệu quả nhé.
